AustralianSuper Monash University Retirement Confidence Index Wave 4

What did we do?

The index measures retirement confidence among Australians aged 50 and over, with the fourth wave (April to May 2020) based on responses from over 3,000 Australians; 560 of whom have completed all four waves and 823 responding to the last three waves.

What did we find?

The index consists of four main pillars, which are weighted by an industry expert panel, combined with insights the from respondents:

• financial awareness and skills (30% of the index)
• health and wellbeing (30%)
• social factors (20%)
• retirement awareness and planning(20%).

Key findings include:

• people are more confident once they have retired
• financial literacy increases as pre-retirees head towards retirement and remains stable during retirement.

The most significant improvements in the RCI components are observed during active retirement years. These improvements include a reduction in financial anxiety, increase in financial control and better mental health conditions.

Reacting to the pandemic

When looking at the participants we have been following since 2017, we saw that people approaching retirement felt more impacted by COVID-19 than those who were retired.

This year, people nearing retirement felt more uncertain about their future and are finding it difficult to visualise what they need in order to plan for retirement. This contributes to lower retirement confidence among this group.

However, the same group had also increased their savings between 2019-2020, suggesting that the pandemic has led some pre-retirees to focus more on saving.

Many pre-retirees are also engaging more often with their superannuation fund providers, compared to previous years. Although pre-retirees have been quick to respond, 19% had to make changes to their retirement plans, including 12% who have delayed retirement and 7% who are retiring earlier than planned.

Gender and culture

Although women fall behind men in terms of their basic financial knowledge and financial anxiety levels, they reported better mental health, feeling more socially integrated and having better financial control. These findings suggest that women are confident in their financial abilities when it comes to saving and budgeting.

However, they are less confident than men when it comes to more complex issues requiring more financial knowledge, such as investing and calculating interest rates.

Fortunately, these findings indicate that, in addition to having a supportive social network, many women already have the budgeting and saving habits that are essential for a comfortable retirement. Being born outside of Australia is a risk factor for social connectedness, with those respondents who were born outside of Australia reporting significantly fewer quality connections with others. Further, respondents who were born outside of Australia scored less on the goal-setting component of the AMRCI.

These findings suggest that, compared with those respondents who were born in Australia, migrants have less understanding of what retirement entails and what resources are required. They also discuss their retirement plans less often with others. However, being a migrant in Australia did not appear to negatively affect financial awareness and skills and health and wellbeing factors.

Financial literacy

Disciplined saving, setting goals for how much money they will need to save for retirement, self-reported health state, using the services of a financial advisor and engaging with superannuation fund were positively associated with self-reported retirement confidence.

Specifically, staying healthy and setting specific goals about how much to save for retirement were the strongest predictors of self-reported retirement confidence.

Over time

Combined with the latest data, the study shows that the average confidence score for Australians age 50 and over is 65 out of 100. Retired Australians scored six points higher than those who are nearing retirement (68 vs 62). There were also gender differences, with men feeling more confident than women (67 vs 64). This trend has continued for the last 4 years of the study.

In terms of the key factors of the Index, we found that financial literacy increases as people approach retirement. This suggests that pre-retirees are developing skills and knowledge to better manage their money. We also found that financial anxiety reduces significantly during the retirement years, which contributes to higher retirement confidence among retirees.

Lead researchers: Dr Fernanda Mata and Professor Liam Smith